ESEI is also capable of investigating pre-treatment of source waters prior to membrane treatment. Softening serves to reduce hardness in source waters, while coagulation removes NPDOC (including DBP precurors) from the water. ESEI can conduct specific jar tests to determine an optimum pre-treatment plan for water to be membrane treated, or as a stand-alone treatment.
Figure 1. Softening and Flocculation/Coagulation Jar Test Unit